阿根廷,梅西,世界杯冠军!附足球英文术语解析大全

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任意球 free kick

任意球是一种在足球比赛中发生犯规后重新开始比赛的方法。任意球分两种:直接任意球 (direct free kick),踢球队员可将球直接射入犯规队球门得分;及间接任意球 (indirect free kick),踢球队员不得直接射门得分,球在进入球门前必须被其他队员踢或触及。

乌龙球 own goal

"乌龙球"就是打入自家球门的球,因此英文中就叫own goal,"进了一个乌龙球"可以用score an own goal表示。

无效进球 disallowed goal

Disallowed goal就是指"无效进球","这个球被判无效"可以用the goal is disallowed或者the referee refused to allow it来表示。Disallow指"不接受,驳回",所以disallowed在这里也就是指invalid。

净胜球数 goal differential

所谓的"净胜球数" (goal differential)就是一支球队在一轮比赛中的进球数 (goals scored)减去失球数 (goals allowed)。比如,如果进球数和失球数都是4,净胜球数就为0,而如果进球数是4,失球数是7,那么净胜球数就为-3。

如果第一轮比赛后,两队积分相同,净胜球数也相同,那么就只能靠"抽签" (draw lots)来决定哪一队出线了。

黄牌 yellow card

当一名球员在比赛中犯规,裁判会对犯规球员出示黄牌 (yellow card)作出警告。领取黄牌的球员仍可继续比赛,但当接受第二次警告时便会被逐离场 (be sent off)。裁判罚出黄牌可表达为the referee issued a yellow card。

红牌 red card

当一名球员严重犯规,裁判会举起红牌 (red card) ,下令球员离场。

帽子戏法 hat trick

Hat trick (有时写作hat-trick)就是指"帽子戏法",也就是在比赛中"连中三元"。这个说法首次使用是在1858年,用来描述英国著名板球手H·H·斯蒂芬森连续3次击中门柱得分,赛后为他举办的庆功会上,他得到一顶帽子作为欢庆的礼物。

到了20世纪,hat trick很快被引用到其它体育比赛中,如hockey (曲棍球)、baseball (棒球)和soccer (足球)等,指参赛者在同一场比赛中独中三元、连续三次得分的佳绩。

随着时间的推移,hat trick不仅仅指球员得分,也可指代任何连续三次发生的事情。比如,在说到英国前首相撒切尔夫人时有这么一句话:

In 1974 she became party leader and went on to achieve an unprecedented hat-trick of election victories from 1979 to 1987.

1974年,她成为所在政党的党首,并在1979年到1987年间史无前例地连续三次赢得大选。

In 1974 she became party leader and went on to achieve an unprecedented hat-trick of election victories from 1979 to 1987.

1974年,她成为所在政党的党首,并在1979年到1987年间史无前例地连续三次赢得大选。

德比大战 derby

在很多国家,本地德比 (local derby)或者德比 (derby)都指来自同一个小镇、城市或地区的两支队伍之间的体育比赛,尤多见于足球联赛(association football)。

两支相互竞争的球队 (two rival teams)之间的足球比赛有时也叫做德比。足球比赛中的德比相当于北美体育比赛中的"同城竞技" (crosstown rivalry)。

德比这个说法很有可能来源于1780年第12世德比伯爵 (Earl of Derby)在英格兰开创的赛马活动"The Derby"。早在1840年时,德比一词就在英语里用作名词来指代任何一种体育比赛。

犯规行为 foul play

假摔 diving

指在足球比赛进行过程中,一方球员在合理身体冲撞 (fair charging)或者根本没有冲撞的情况下假装被对方队员犯规并摔倒,以骗取裁判的犯规判罚,得到点球 (penalty kick)、任意球 (free kick)、使对方球员受到红、黄牌等有利于己方判罚的行为。此动作近似跳水,故英文称为diving。

绊人犯规 tripping

绊人犯规导致犯规队被判罚10码开外的点球。

铲球犯规 foul sliding/slide tackle

包括tackle from behind (背后铲球)、late tackle (铲球过迟,球已离开对方脚下)。铲球犯规或许包含其它不当行为,导致判罚黄牌警告 (caution)或者红牌罚下 (send off)。

拖延比赛 delay of game

拖延比赛是指在比赛中,运动员或球队故意延缓比赛进程,通常是为了确保自己的优势。

越位 offside

在进攻方传球球员起脚的瞬间,接球球员比倒数第二名防守球员距离球门更近,同时比球距离球门更近,并试图借此位置进球或干扰比赛,就会被判罚越位。

例句:

The goal was called offside by the referee.

那个进球被裁判判为越位。

例句:

The goal was called offside by the referee.

那个进球被裁判判为越位。

打人犯规 striking

例句:

The player was once sent off because of striking.

这名队员曾因为打人犯规而被罚下场。

例句:

The player was once sent off because of striking.

这名队员曾因为打人犯规而被罚下场。

手球犯规 handball/hands/handling

球员踢球时用肘以上肩以下的部位触球就是手球犯规。

例句:

Penalty kick for hands.

手球犯规罚点球。

例句:

Penalty kick for hands.

手球犯规罚点球。

世界杯比赛的几个阶段

揭幕战 opening game

一般来说,东道国的球队 (host team)会拉开揭幕战 (opening game),不过也有例外的时候,比如2002年韩日世界杯的揭幕战就是在法国和塞内加尔之间进行的。

小组赛 group stage

比赛第一阶段为小组赛 (group stage),组内每两支球队间都要有一场比赛,获胜一方积3分,平局双方各得1分,输球一方不得分。组内积分最高的两队将进入淘汰赛阶段 (knockout stage)。若遇到两队积分相同的情况,则依据每队的净胜球数来决定排名。

淘汰赛阶段 knockout stage

淘汰赛阶段 (knockout stage)将在小组间进行,一组排名首位的球队将迎战另一组排名第二 (the runner-up)的球队。获胜一方进入下一轮比赛,输球的一方就得打道回府了。每轮淘汰赛的获胜方将进入下一轮角逐,一路进入四分之一决赛 (quarterfinal)、半决赛 (semi-final),以及最后的决赛 (final)。

再附送315条足球术语。

1.足球运动:football(在美国指橄榄球运动); soccer; association football; socker; footy

2.世界杯足球锦标赛:World Cup (Soccer Tournament); FIFA World Cup Competition

3.世界女子足球锦标赛:Women’s World Cup

4.世界杯决赛:World Cup Finals

5.朱尔斯•雷米特杯:Jules Rimet Cup

6.五人足球:five-a-side; futsal

7.七人足球:seven-a-side

8.足球暴力:soccer violence;riot;hooliganism

人员

9.足球运动员:football [soccer]player; footballer; booter

10.足球队:football[soccer] team; eleven

11.队员(除守门员外):field player

12.后卫线:back line

13.后卫:(full)back; rear defender

14.左后卫:left back

15.右后卫:right back

16.前卫线:link line

17.前卫:half (back)

18.边前卫:wing [outside] half

19.左前卫:left half

20.右前卫:right half

21.中前卫:center half

22.双中前卫:twin center halves

23.自由中卫:free back [man]; spare man; libero

24.清道夫(自由中卫):sweeper

25.盯人中卫:stopper

26.拖后前卫:deep-lying halfback; policeman

27.锋线:forward line

28.前锋:forward; spearhead; lineman

29.双前锋:twin forwards

30.靠前的前锋:spearhead forward

31.边锋:winger; wing (forward);outside (forward)

32.左边锋;左翼:left wing[winger; flank];outside left

33.右边锋;右翼:right wing [winger; flank]; outside right

34.内锋:inside(forward); inner

35.左内锋:inside left

36.右内锋:inside right

37.拖后内锋:withdrawn striker

38.中锋:center forward

39.双中锋:double center forwards; double spearheads

40.拖后中锋:withdrawn [deep-lying] center forward

41.攻击手:striker

42.中场队员:midfielder; midfield player; link(man)

43.前腰:attacking midfielder

44.双前腰:double attacking midfielders

45.后腰:defending midfielder

46.双后腰:double defending midfielders

47.核心队员:key player; point man

48.最佳球员(一场比赛后选出):Man of Match

49.惯用左脚的:left-footed

50.惯用右脚的:right-footed

51.左右开弓的:double-footed

52.积极拼抢的防守队员:ball hawk

53.观望队员(不积极主动):ball watcher

54.裁判员:referee; ref; man in the middle

55.巡边员:linesman

规则与裁判

56.上半时[场]:first half

57.下半时[场]:second half

58.开球;比赛开始:kick off

59.实际比赛时间(由裁判员掌握):official time

60.伤停补时:stoppage [injury] time

61.加时赛;决胜期:extra period; overtime

62.突然死亡(加时赛中首先进球为胜方,比赛终止):sudden death

63.金球(突然死亡制中首先进球):golden goal

64.银球(加时赛中进球后该半场仍赛完):silver goal

65.点球决胜:penalty shootout

66.出界:outside; out of bounds

67.掷界外球:throw-in

68.球门球:goal [defense] kick

69.角球:corner(kick)

70.获得罚角球权:win a corner

71.任意球:free kick

72.判给任意球:award a free kick

73.直接任意球:direct free kick

74.间接任意球:indirect free kick

75.定位球:placekick; stationary ball

76.踢定位球的队员:placekicker

77.严重犯规(判罚直接任意球或点球):penal offense

78.侵人犯规:personal foul

79.技术犯规:technical foul

80.故意犯规:intentional foul

81.越位:offside

82.非越位:onside

83.巡边员用旗表示越位:flag

84.冲撞犯规:charging

85.从后面冲撞:charging from behind

86.合理冲撞:legal [fair] charge

87.进行阻挡的队员:blocker

88.身体阻挡:body check

89.拉人犯规:holding

90.推人犯规:pushing

91.打人:striking

92.小动作:little trick [maneuver]; concealed foul

93.危险动作:dangerous play

94.抬脚过高:foot over

95.手球犯规:handball; hands; handling

96.蹬踏犯规;踢人:hacking; stamping

97.经常踢人的队员:hacker

98.绊人犯规:tripping

99.背后铲球:tackle from behind

100.铲球过迟(球已离开对方脚下):late tackle

101.假摔:fake a fall [an injury]; simulation

102.粗暴行动:violent conduct

103.延误比赛:delay [hold up] the game

104.持球时间过长(指守门员):excessive possession of the ball

105.警告:warning;caution;book

106.黄牌:yellow card

107.红牌:red card

108.罚出场:evict; eject; banish; send [order] off the field; show the red card

109.停赛一场:suspend for a game

110.以少打多:play shorthanded

111.以少打多的局面:man down[short]

112.以多打少的局面:power play; man [numerical] advantage

113.罚点球:penalty [spot] kick

114.踢罚球;主罚:take the kick

115.罚中:convert a penalty kick

116.罚球未中:miss a penalty kick

踢球

117.踢球:kick; boot

118.踢球者: kicker

119.得球:gain possession of the ball

120.失球:lose possession of the ball

121.漏球:miskick

122.踢出界:kick out

123.踢球太高:sky

124.控球能力:ball-control[-handling]

125.控球时间比:ball possession percentage

126.停球:trap; stop

127.大腿停球:thigh trap

128.胸部挡球:chest

129.停空中球:stop volley

130.停住空中球:kill a ball

131.凌空踢出:volley

132.凌空反弹踢出:half volley

133.抛球凌空踢出:punt; drop volley

134.拨球:flick the ball

135.扫踢:sweeping kick

136.颠球:juggle

137.迈过球(以迷惑对方):step over the ball

138.弧线球:curved [swerving] ball;bend; curl

139.内弧球:inswinger

140.外弧球:outswinger

141.跑动踢球:running kick

142.踢后前冲:kick and rush

143.无球跑动:off-the-ball running

144.转身踢:turnaround kick

145.脚背踢球:instep kick

146.脚外侧敲击:flick [jab] kick

147.脚尖踢球:toe kick

148.脚弓踢球:kick with the inside of foot

149.脚跟踢球:heel kick

传、接、运

150.传球:pass

151.一次[直接]传球:first-time[one-touch] pass

152.到位的传球:spot [well-placed; pinpoint] pass

153.长传:long pass

154.短[近]传:short [close] pass; one-two

155.三角传球:triangular [delta] pass

156.短传配合:short game

157.短传三角配合:short triangular passing

158.深传:deep pass

159.沿边线传球:flank pass

160.传中:center

161.横传:cross [lateral;line] pass;cross

162.横向转移传球:square pass

163.斜[对角]线传球:diagonal pass

164.传高球:high [lob] pass; loft; chip; pass in the air

165.地滚传球:ground [rolling] pass

166.直传向前传球:forward pass

167.大脚直传:steep forward pass

168.回传;向后传:pass back

169.脚后跟回传:back-heel

170.穿越:through pass

171.踢墙式二过一:wall pass

172.推传:push pass

173.敲传(使用脚外侧):flick pass

174.隐蔽传球:trick pass

175.快速传球:brisk pass

176.领前传球:lead pass

177.助攻传球:setup pass

178.接传球:receive [pick up] a pass

179.接球失误:fumble; mishandle

180.运[带;盘]球:dribble; run with the ball

181.运球队员:dribbler

182.带球过人:beat; break through; dribble past

183.盘带过多:excessive dribbling

头球

184.头球:head;nod; header(指一次动作)

185.跳起顶球:flying header; head with a jump

186.侧顶:head sideward

187.善于顶球:good in the air

抢截

188.堵截:block; clog

189.断球:intercept

190.铲球;抢截:tackle

191.侧面铲球:side(block)tackle

192.倒地铲球:sliding [hook] tackle

193.抡脚铲球:scything tackle

194.铲倒对方:tackle through the ball

195.对方铲球时仍控制住球:ride a tackle

196.双方机会各半的待争夺球:fifty-fifty ball

197.混战:scramble; melee;skirmish

射门

198.射门:shoot; attempt at [try for] goal

199.射手:shooter; marksman

200.进球:find the net; hit[drive the ball] home

201.破门得分:make [score; net] a goal

202.破门机会:scoring opportunity

203.射门得分者:goalgetter

204.助攻射中:assisted goal

205.连中三元;帽子戏法:hat-trick

206.扳成平局的进球:equalizer

207.射中次数:shots on goal

208.轻易射门得分:sitter

209.射门命中率:shooting average [percentage]

210.未射中:mishit

211.射门过高:high shot; sky

212.从门柱弹回:deflect[bounce back] from the goalpost

213.射中无效:goal disallowed

214.近射:close-range[-up] shot

215.远射:long shot [drive]

216.冲门:gate-crashing

217.突然射门:snap shot

218.劲射:hard [heavy; crashing; cannon] shot; drive; thump

219.补射:tip-in

220.转身射门:pivot shot

221.贴地射门;低射:grazing shot

222.一次射门:first-time[one-touch]shot

223.调整后[停球]射门:second-touch shot

224.小角度射门:sharp-angled shot

225.狭缝射门(指穿过防守线):slot

226.倒地射门:sliding shot

227.凌空射门:volley shot

228.倒钩射门:scissors shot

229.头球入门:head [nod] in a goal

230.高吊球射门:lob [hanging] shot

231.射空门:free shot

232.香蕉球:banana shot

233.乌龙球(踢进本方球门):own [self] goal

234.射门的强烈愿望:goal hunger

235.庆祝进球:goal celebration

236.球门网右上角:top right-hand corner of the net

237.球门网右下角:bottom right-hand corner of the net

238.球门网左上角:top left-hand corner of the net

239.球门网左下角:bottom left-hand corner of the net

守门

240.守门:goalkeeping; goaltending

241.救球:save; retrieve; stop

242.托救球:finger-tip save

243.鱼跃救球; 扑救:diving save

244.挡开:parry

245.拳击球:fist [punch] the ball

246.护球;抱死:smother

247.封住角度:shut off[cut down; narrow] the angle

248.跑出来(抢球):come out

249.视线受阻:unsighted

进攻

250.快攻;快速突破:fast break [counterattack]

251.防守反击:switch from defense to attack; counterattack; push up

252.快速反击:fast-switching attack; runback

253.突破:break; thrust

254.中路突破:thrust down the middle

255.单刀直入:solo drive

256.突破对方防守:split the defense

257.破坏对方防守:disorganize the defense

258.拉开对方的防守面:spread the defense

259.正面进攻:frontal attack

260.边线进攻:flank attack

261.左路进攻:attack on the left wing

262.右路进攻:attack on the right wing

263.全面压上:sweeping attack

264.助攻:assist

265.穿过:weave through

266.插入:cut in; penetrate

267.沉底:drive down the sideline

268.靠近对方球门线:deep

269.钳形攻势:pincers movement

270.摆脱动作:evasive movement

271.绕过防守队员(通过假动作):turn a defender

272.侧步躲闪:sidestep

273.补位:cover a position; fill a gap; plug a hole

274.跑位:run off the ball

275.跑位意识:positional sense

276.跑动量(一场比赛中):work-rate

防守

277.密集防守:tight [close] defense [marking]

278.地毯式防守:blanket defense

279.钉住:mark up; get tight

280.撤退:retreat; withdraw

281.后撤防守(引对方进入中场口袋):funnel back

282.解围(踢开球门区):clear

283.封死:close off

284.人墙:(defensive)wall

285.筑人墙:set [line] up a wall

286.二夹一:double-team

战术

287.前场:opposing half

288.后场:own half

289.进攻型足球:offensive football

290.防守型足球:defensive football

291.全攻全守型[总体型]足球:total football

292.欧洲型足球:European [Continental] football

293.拉丁美洲型足球:Latin American football

294.接[策]应:support

295.接应位置:supporting position

296.分派位:assign position

297.跟进:trail

298.制造空当:create an opening

299.边锋战术:wing play

300.紧靠边线:hug the sideline

301.控制中场:control the midfield

302.越位战术:offside tactics [trap]

303.交叉移动:scissors movement

304.定位球战术(由固定队员主罚):set-piece play

305.WM [3-4-3]阵式:WM[3-4-3]formation

306.W阵式(WM阵式中的进攻部分):W formation

307.M阵式(WM阵式中的防守部分):M formation

308.4前锋[匈牙利]阵式:four forwards [Hungarian] formation

309.4后卫阵式:four backs formation

310.3后卫阵式:three backs formation

311.2-3-5阵式:2-3-5 formation;pyramid

312.4-3-3阵式:4-3-3[Catenaccio] formation

313.4-2-4[巴西]阵式:4-2-4 [Brazilian] formation

314.五对五练习赛:five-a-side game

315.绕杆练习:swerve around sticks

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